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Technical Methods for Energy-saving Combustion Transformation of Coal-fired Boiler
1、 Waste heat recovery of coal-fired boiler flue gas
The flue gas temperature of industrial coal boilers is generally above 180 ℃, which not only pollutes the environment, but also wastes valuable flue gas waste heat resources. The use of heat pipe heat exchange technology or burner waste heat recovery system can effectively recover some polluted flue gas waste heat resources, preheat boiler combustion air, or directly produce hot water.
2、 Transformation of coal handling device of coal-fired boiler
At present, the layer combustion boiler burns raw coal, most of which are forward chain grate boilers. The original bucket type coal feeding device mixed lump coal and fine coal on the grate, hindering the boiler air intake and affecting the combustion. Change bucket coal feeding into stratified coal feeding, and use gravity screen to disperse raw coal and final coal from bottom to top, which is beneficial to wind direction, improve combustion conditions, increase coal combustion rate, reduce ash carbon content, and reach a coal saving rate of 5% to 20%. According to the change of furnace conditions, the energy saving effect is different, the worse the furnace conditions, the better the effect. The project investment is small, the energy-saving effect is good, and the recovery speed is fast.
3、 Oxygen-enriched combustion technology of coal-fired boiler
In general, when the boiler flame temperature is not enough, the carbon content of coal slag is high, the gas Gremman blackness grade cannot meet the standard, the boiler combustion efficiency is not high, and the boiler output is insufficient, the oxygen-enriched combustion technology can be considered to increase the oxygen content in the combustion air, so that the fuel can be burned more fully, at the same time, reduce the flue gas emissions after combustion, improve the flame temperature and smoke blackness, and achieve energy saving of 5%~15%, Increase boiler output by more than 10%. Oxygen-enriched combustion technology has good energy saving and environmental protection benefits.
4、 Transformation of combustion mode of coal-fired boiler
An appropriate amount of pulverized coal is sprayed into the furnace from the proper position of the coal-fired boiler, and an appropriate amount of suspended combustion is added on the basis of grate layer combustion, with an energy saving rate of about 10%. It should be noted that the amount, speed and position of coal injection should be properly controlled, otherwise the smoke blackness will be increased and the energy-saving effect will be affected. In fuel, gas and pulverized coal boilers, new energy-saving burners are used to replace the old and backward burners. The effect of the transformation is also related to the original equipment status. The worse the original status is, generally up to 5%~10%.
5、 Energy-saving transformation method of boiler arch of coal-fired boiler
By properly adjusting the shape and position of the furnace arch, the combustion state of the burner can be improved, the combustion efficiency can be improved, and the coal consumption can be reduced.
6、 Energy-saving transformation technology for auxiliary equipment of coal-fired boiler
The operation parameters of the blower and induced draft fan are directly related to the thermal efficiency and energy consumption. The proper speed regulation technology is adopted to adjust the blast and induced draft according to the boiler burner load to maintain the boiler combustion operation in the best state. On the one hand, it can save the boiler coal, on the other hand, it can save the energy consumption of the fan.
7、 Regular cleaning of soot and dirt of boiler burner and economizer can save energy
Generally, after a period of operation of coal-fired boiler, ash and scaling will be accumulated on the inner and outer walls of burner, tube bundle, flue gas chamber and economizer, which will seriously affect the boiler output and thermal efficiency. The establishment of a regular cleaning system for soot and scaling on boiler burners can reduce thermal resistance, increase heat transfer effect, ensure good boiler operation and achieve energy-saving effect.
8、 Energy-saving can be achieved by reforming the combustion control system of coal-fired boiler
In the energy-saving transformation of the combustion control system of industrial boilers, one is to adjust the coal supply, water supply, air blast and induced air flow in real time according to the boiler load requirements, so that the boiler combustion is often in good operation. The original burner manual or semi-automatic control is changed to full-automatic control, so that the energy-saving effect of boiler combustion with large load change and frequent change is very good, generally up to about 10%. For oil-fired and gas-fired boilers, the energy-saving effect is consistent and the economic benefit is high.
The combustion energy-saving transformation technology and method of coal-fired boiler can not only save costs, improve thermal efficiency and improve boiler service life, but also meet the technical requirements of boiler environmental protection to a certain extent, which can be said to kill two birds with one stone.